Language and the United Nations:

A Bibliography and Resource List

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This list contains items dealing directly with language and the United Nations, some key items on language in other international organizations, and background works likely to be of interest to those concerned with language and the United Nations’ role in the world, the Sustainable Development Goals, and related issues.

 

Ammon, U. (2003). Present and future language conflicts as a consequence of the integration and expansion of the European Union. In A. Valentini, P. Molinelli, P. Cuzzolin & G. Bernini (Eds.), Ecologia linguistica: Atti del XXXVI Congresso Internazionale della Società di Linguistica Italiana (pp. 393–405).Bulzoni.

Arzoz, X. (Ed.). (2009). Respecting linguistic diversity in the European Union. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Avineri, N., Rosa, J., Graham, L. R., Riner, R. C., & Johnson, E. J. (Eds.). (2019). Language and social justice in practice. Routledge.

Barandovska-Frank, V. (2020). Interlingvistiko: Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj.Wydawnictwo Rys.

Bastardas i Boada, A. (2002). World language policy in the era of globalization: Diversity and intercommunication from the perspective of “complexity.” Revista de Sociolingüística (Summer).

Benson, C., & Kosonen, K. (Eds.). (2021). Language issues in comparative education: Policy and practice in multilingual education based on non-dominant languages. Brill/Sense. 

Biersteker, A. J. (2015). Links that speak only some languages. PNAS, 112(15): E1814.

Blanke, D. (2018). International planned languages (S. Fiedler & H. Tonkin, Eds.). Mondial.

Blommaert, J. (2013). The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge University Press.

Borjian, M. (2014). Language-education policies and international institutions: The World Bank’s vs. UNESCO’s global framework. Language Problems and Language Planning, 38(1), 1–18.

Carli, A., & Ammon, U. (Eds.). (2007). AILA Review: Linguistic inequality in scientific communication today (20). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Célébrons la francophonie! Mission Permanente de la France auprès des Nations Uniues à New York. https://onu.delegfrance.org/Francophonie-8629.

Christiansen, P. V. (2006). Language policy in the European Union: European / english / elite / equal / esperanto union?. Language Problems & Language Planning, 30(1), 21–44.

Coleman, H. (2017). Milestones in language planning and development aid. Current Issues in Language Planning, 18(4): 442–468. https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/5sG9VD8hQtGr9pcIbyHn/full.

Corrêa d’Almeida, A., & Otcu-Grillman, B. (2013). The Portuguese language in the United Nations—Framing  policy design. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2013(224), 1–23.

Danet, B., & Herring, S. C. (2007). The multilingual internet. Oxford University Press.

de Saint Robert, M. J. (2008). CAT tools in international organisations: Lessons learnt from the experiences of the languages service of the United Nations Office at Geneva. In E. Yuste Rodrigo (Ed.), Topics in Language Resources for Translations and Localisation (pp. 107–119). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

de Saint Robert, M. J. (2000). La politique de la langue française: Que sais-je? Presses Universitaires de France.

de Saint Robert, M. J. (1988). Le rapport langue-culture dans les organisations internationales:  Pour une sociologie des organisations internationales. Language Problems and Language Planning, 12(3), 199–212.

de Schutter, H., & Robichaud, D. (2017). Linguistic justice: Van Parijs and his critics. Routledge.

de Swaan, A. (2005). The language predicament of the European Union. IWM Post, 90(Fall).

de Varennes, F. (2012). Language policy at the supranational level. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of language policy (pp. 149–173).Cambridge University Press.

Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (Eds.). (2013). English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges. Multilingual Matters.

Duchêne, A. (2008.) Ideology across nations: The construction of linguistic minorities at the United Nations. Mouton de Gruyter.

Ellis, D.G. (1992). Written language and United Nations documents. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language as barrier and bridge (pp.87–101). University Press of America.

Erling, E. J., & Seargeant, P. (Eds.). (2013). English and development: Policy, pedagogy and globalization. Multilingual Matters.

Fettes, M. (1996). Inside the tower of words: The institutional functions of language at the United Nations. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the United Nations (pp. 115–134). Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Fettes, M. (2003). The geostrategies of interlingualism. In J. Maurais & M. A. Morris (Eds.), Languages in a globalising world (pp. 37–46).Cambridge University Press.

Fettes, M. (2003). Interlingualism: A world-centric approach to language policy and planning. In H. Tonkin & T. Reagan (Eds.), Language in the 21st Century (pp. 47–58). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Fettes, M. (2015). Language in the United Nations post-2015 development agenda: Challenges to language  policy and planning. Language Problems and Language Planning, 39(3), 298–311.

Fiedler, S. (2010). Approaches to fair linguistic communication. European Journal of Language Policy, 2(1), 1– 22.

Friedrich, P. (Ed.). (2016). English for diplomatic purposes. Multilingual Matters.

Fukuda-Parr, S. (Ed.). (2004). Human development report 2004: cultural liberty in today’s world. United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Gaiba, F. (1998). The origins of simultaneous interpretation: The Nuremberg trial. University of Ottawa Press.

Gazarian, J. (1996). Is linguistic evolution in the United Nations a consequence of recent political evolution? In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language status in the post-cold-war era (pp.23–28).University Press of America.

Gazarian, J. (1992). Language problems in international organizations. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language as barrier and bridge (pp. 11–15).  University Press of America.

Gazzola, M. (2006). Managing multilingualism in the European Union: Language policy evaluation for the   European Parliament. Language Policy, 5, 393–417

Gazzola, M. (2014). The evaluation of language regimes: Theory and application to multilingual patent organisations. JohnBenjamins Publishing Company.

Gazzola, M, Torsten, T & McEntee-Atalianis, L.J. (2019) Measuring Diversity in Multilingual Communication. Social Indicators Research 147(2): 545-566. https://rdcu.be/bMN5U

Gazzola, M., & Wickström, B. A. (Eds.). (2016). The economics of language policy. MIT Press.

General Assembly of the United Nations. Rules of Procedure VIII languages. United Nations. www.un.org/en/ga/about/ropga/lang.shtml.

Ginsburgh, V., & Weber, S. (2011). How many languages do we need?: The economics of linguistic diversity. Princeton University Press.

Gobbo, F. (2015). Transnational communication in a ‘glocalized’ world: In search of balanced multilingualism. Jȩzyk, Komunikacja, Informacja, 10, 196–208.

Harry, R. L. (1997). Development of a language for international law. In H. Tonkin (Ed.), Esperanto, Interlinguistics, and Planned Language (pp. 173–82). University Press of America.

Harry, R. L., & Mandel, M. (1979). Language equality in international cooperation. Esperanto Documents 21A. Universal Esperanto Association.

Heller, M., & McElhinny, B. (2017). Language, capitalism, colonialism: Toward a critical history. University of Toronto Press.

Hélot, C. (2018). Language awareness in multilingual classrooms. De Gruyton Mouton. 

Hillery, P. (2004). The United Nations and its culture of language. Johannes Guttenberg Institute of the University of Mainz. https://fb06.uni-mainz.de/files/2019/09/hillery-paul.pdf.

Hogan-Brun, G. (2017). Linguanomics: What is the market potential of multilingualism? Bloomsbury Academic.

Hult, F. M. (2010). Analysis of language policy discourses across the scales of space and time. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2010(202), 7–24.

Hult, F. M. (2014). How does policy influence language in education? In R. E. Silver & S. M. Lwin (Eds.), Language in education: Social implications (pp. 159–175).  Bloomsbury Academic.

Hult, F. M. (2015). Making policy connections across scales using nexus analysis. In F.M. Hult & D.C Johnson (Eds.), Research methods in language policy and planning: A practical guide (pp. 217–231). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hult, F. M., & Johnson, D. C. (Eds.) (2015). Research methods in language policy and planning: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hult, F. M. (2017). Discursive approaches to policy. In S. E. F. Wortham, D. Kim, & S. May (Eds.), Discourse and education (pp. 111–121).  Springer.

Hult, F. M. (2018). Foreign language education policy on the horizon. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 35–45.

Hultgren, A. K., Gregersen, F., & Thøgersen, J. (Eds.). (2014). English in nordic universities: Ideologies and practices. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Jastrab, M. J. (1984). Organizational vs. individual bilingualism: The case of the United Nations Secretariat. In J. Edwards & H. Tonkin (Eds.), Language behavior in international organizations.   Report of the Second Annual Conference of the Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems (pp. 5–58). Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems.

Jastrab, M. J. (1985). Guidelines for terminology standardization at the United Nations. In K. Johnson- Weiner & H. Tonkin (Eds.), Language planning at the international level. Report of the Third Annual Conference of the Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems (pp. 27–47). Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems.

Jones, P. W., & Coleman, D. (2012). The United Nations and education: Multilingualism, development and globalization. Routledge.

Juaristi, P, Reagan, T., & Tonkin, H. (2008). Language Diversity in the European Union: An   Overview. In X. Arzoz (Ed.), Respecting linguistic diversity in the European Union (pp. 47–72). JohnBenjamins Publishing Company.

Kachru, B. B. (2017). World englishes and culture wars. Cambridge University Press.

Kamwangamalu, N. M. (2016). Language policy and economics: The language question in Africa. Palgrave MacMillan.

Kelly, M. (Ed.). (2018). Languages after Brexit: How the UK speaks to the world. Palgrave Macmillan.

Kibbee, D. A. (2016). Language and the law: Linguistic inequality in America. Cambridge University Press.

Kimura, G. C., & Fairbrother, L. (Eds.). (2020). A language management approach to language problems. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

King, L., & Carson, L. (Eds.). (2016). The multilingual city: Vitality, conflict and change.  Multilingual Matters.

Kraus, P. A. & Grin, F. (Eds.). (2018). The politics of multilingualism: Europeanisation, globalisation and linguistic governance. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Kuteeva, M., Kaufhold, K., & Hynninen, N. (Eds.). (2020). Languages perceptions and practices in multilingual universities. Palgrave Macmillan.

Lapenna, I. (1969). La situation juridique des “langues officielles” avant la fondation des Nations Unies. La Monda Lingvo-Problemo, 1(1), 5–18.

Lapenna, I. (1969). La situation juridique des langues sous le régime des Nations Unies. La Monda Lingvo- Problemo, 1(1), 87–106.

Lapenna, I. (1970-71). The common language question before international organizations. La Monda Lingvo- Problemo, 3(7), 11–30.

Lapenna, I., Lins, U., & Carlevaro, T. (1974). Esperanto en perspektivo: Faktoj kaj analizoj pri la Internacia Lingvo. Centro de Esploro kaj Dokumentado pri la Monda Lingvo- Problemo.

Larson, B. (2014). Metaphors for Environmental Sustainability: Redefining Our Relationship with Nature. Yale University Press.

Le Bouthillier, Y. (1996). Refléxions sur les insuffisances des instruments internationaux relatifs à la langue. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the United Nations (pp. 561–577).Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Léger, S. (Ed.) (1996). Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the United Nations. Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Lozinskiy, N. (2020). Multilingualism in the United Nations system. Joint Inspection Unit of the United Nations System.

Marinotti, J. P. (2016). Final report: Symposium on language and the sustainable development goals, New York, 21-22 April 2016. Study Group on Language and the United Nations.

McAuliffe, K. (2013). The limitations of a multilingual legal system. International Journal of Semiotic Law, 26(4), 861–882.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2006). Geostrategies of interlingualism: Language policy and practice in the International Maritime Organisation, London, UK. Current Issues in Language Planning, 7(2-3), 341–358.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2008). Diplomatic negotiation in an international organisation: An exploration of expert    status and power. The International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities and Nations, 8(3), 265–271.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2010). An investigation of argumentational discourse units in diplomatic negotiation. Sociolinguistic Studies, 4(3), 553–568.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2011). The role of metaphor in shaping the identity and agenda of the United Nations: The imagining of an international community and international threat. Discourse and Communication, 5(4), 393–412.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2013). Stance and metaphor: Mapping changing representations of (organisational)  identity. Discourse and Communication, 7(3), 319–340.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2015). Language policy and planning in international organisations. In U.  Jessner-Schmid & C. J. Kramsch (Eds.), The multilingual challenge: Cross-disciplinary perspectives, (pp. 295–322). Mouton De Gruyter.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2016). A network model of language policy and planning: The United Nations as a case study. Language Problems and Language Planning, 40(2), 187–217.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J. (2017). “Leave no one behind”: Linguistic and digital barriers to the dissemination and  implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Language Problems and Language Planning, 41(3), 217–244.

McEntee-Atalianis, L. J., & Vessey, R. (2020). Mapping the language ideologies of organisational members: A corpus linguistic investigation of the United Nations’ general debates (1970-2016). Language Policy, 19(4), 549–573.

McEntee-Atalianis, L.J. and Vessey, R. (2021). Using corpus linguistics to investigate agency and benign neglect in organisational language policy and planning: the United Nations as a case study. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development (Online first) https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1890753

McKinney, C. (2017). Language and power in post-colonial schooling. Routledge.

Mowbray, J. (2013). Linguistic justice: International law and language policy. Oxford University Press.

Müller, K. E. (Ed.) (1996). Language status in the post-cold-war era. University Press of America.

Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. (2016). 10 ans: Vade-mecum 2006-2016. Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.

Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. (2013). Mise en oeuvre du multilinguisme dans les organisations internationales: Mettre en pratique la diversité linguistique. Éditions Nathan.

Oster, N. (2005). Empires of the word: A language history of the world. Harper Perennial.

Pavlenko, A. (2014). The bilingual mind. Cambridge University Press.

Paz, M. (2013). The failed promise of language rights: A critique of the international language rights regime. Harvard International Law Journal, 54(1), 157–218.

Pearl, S. B. (1996). Changes in the pattern of language use in the United Nations. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language status in the post-cold-war era (pp. 29–42).University Press of America.

Pearl, S. B. (1992). Modified babel: The keepers of the tower–A guided tour to interpretation at the United Nations. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language as Barrier and Bridge (pp. 17–30).University Press of America.

Phillipson, R. (1996). The UN agenda for development: The role of languages. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the united nations (pp.399–422). Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Phillipson, R. (2008). English-only Europe? Challenging language policy. Routledge.

Phillipson, R., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1996). English only worldwide or language ecology? TESOL Quarterly, 30(3), 429–452.

Piron, C. (1996). Une solution à étudier: l’Espéranto. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the United Nations (pp.631–657). Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Piron, C. (2006). Choosing an official language. (U. Ammon, N. Dittmar, K. Mattheier, & P.    Trudgill, Eds.). Sociolinguistics/ Soziolinguistik, 3(249), 2484–2493.

Piron, C. (2007). Le défi des langues. Du gâchis au bon sens. L’Harmattan.

Piron, C., & Tonkin, C. (1979). Translation in international organizations. Universal Esperanto Association.

Pool, J. (1996). Optimal language regimes for the European Union. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1996(121), 159–180.

Rafalovitch, A., & Dale, R. (2009). United Nations General Assembly Resolutions: a six-language parallel corpus. In MT Summit XII proceedings International Association of Machine Translation. http://www.uncorpora.org/Rafalovitch_Dale_MT_Summit_2009.pdf.

Reagan, T. (2019). Linguistic legitimacy and social justice. Palgrave Macmillan.

Ricento, T. (Ed.). (2015). Language Policy and Political Economy: English in a global context. Oxford University Press.

Ricento, T. (2014/2015). Thinking about language: What political theorists need to know about language in the real world. In T. Ricento, Y. Peled & P. Ives (Eds.), Language policy and political theory (pp. 57–75).Springer. (Originally published as a special issue of the journal Language Policy , 13 [2014]).

Ricento, T., Peled, Y., & Ives, P. (Eds.). (2015). Language policy and political theory. Springer. (Originally published as a special issue of the journal Language Policy 13 (2014)).

Romaine, S. (2013). Keeping the promise of the Millennium Development Goals: Why language matters. Applied Linguistics Review, 4(1), 1–21.

Salomone, R. C. (2010). True american: Language, identity, and the education of immigrant children. Harvard University Press.

Salomone, R. C. (2015). The rise of global English: Challenges for english-medium instruction and language  rights. Language Problems and Language Planning, 39(3), 245–268.

Salomone, R. C. (forthcoming, 2021). The Rise of English: Global Politics and the Power of Language. Oxford University Press.

Samb, A. (1992). Language problems with and among refugees. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language as barrier and bridge (pp.73–77).University Press of America.

Sarcevic, S. (2016). Language and culture in EU law: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Ashgate Publishing.

Schmidt, R., Sr. (2014/2015). Democratic theory and the challenge of linguistic diversity. In T. Ricento, Y. Peled, & P. Ives (Eds.), Language policy and political theory (pp.101–117).Springer. (Originally published as a special issue of the journal Language Policy, 13 (2014)).

Shaw, C., & Nerlich, B. (2015). Metaphor as a mechanism of global climate change governance: A  study of international policies 1992-2012. Ecological Economics, 109(1) 34–40.

Siiner, M., Hult, F. M., & Kupisch, T. (Eds.) (2018). Language policy and language acquisition planning. Springer.

Simon, S. (2013). Cities in translation: Intersections of language and memory. Routledge.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2008). Linguistic genocide in education–or worldwide diversity and human rights? Routledge.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Phillipson, R. (Eds.). (1995). Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination. Mouton de Gruyter.

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Maffi, L., & Harmon, D. (2003). Sharing a world of difference: The Earth's linguistic, cultural and biological diversity. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000132384.

Sokolovska, Z. (2017). Languages in “the United Nations of Europe”: Debating a postwar language policy for  Europe. Language Policy, 16(4), 461–480.

Spring, J. (2001). Globalization and educational rights: An intercivilizational analysis. LawrenceErlbaum Associates.

Titov, A. K. (1996). The role of Russian in the Post-Cold-War era. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language status in the post-cold-war era (pp.43–48). University Press of America.

Tkachenko, S. I. (1992). Implicit information in translating United Nations documents. In K. E. Müller (Ed.), Language as barrier and bridge (pp. 31–34). University Press of America.

Tonkin, H. (1996). Language equality at the United Nations: An achievable dream. In Kurt E. Müller (Ed.), Language status in the post-cold-war era (pp. 141–148).University Press of America.

Tonkin, H. (1996). Language hierarchy at the United Nations. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the united nations (pp.3–28). Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.


Tonkin, H. (2003). The search for a global linguistic strategy. In J. Maurais & M. A. Morris (Eds.), Languages in a globalising world (pp.319–333). Cambridge University Press.

Tonkin, H. (2007). Exclusion and inclusion in Europe: The search for a European language policy. In P. Cuvelier, T. du Plessis, M. Meeuwis, & L. Teck (Eds.), Multilingualism and exclusion: policy, practice and prospects (pp.207–223). Van Schaik.

Tonkin, H. (2011). Language and the ingenuity gap in science. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 8(1), 105–116.

Tonkin, H. (2011). Language and the United Nations: A preliminary review. https://esperanto-un.com/images/languages-un-tonkin-draft-dec2011.pdf.

Tonkin, H. (2015). The search for linguistic equality. Language Problems and Language Planning, 39(3),  221–226.

Tonkin, H., & Edwards, J. (Eds.). (1984). Language behavior in international organizations: Report of the Second Annual Conference of the Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems. The Center.

Tonkin, H., & Reagan, T. (Eds.). (2003). Language in the 21st century. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
UNDepartmentforGeneralAssemblyandConferenceManagement. UN Department for General Assembly and Conference Management. www.un.org/Depts/DGACM.

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UN Joint Inspection Unit. (2011). Multilingualism in the United Nations system organizations: Status of implementation, JIUE/REP 2011/4. United Nations, Geneva. http://undocs.org/JIU/REP/2011/4.

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Van der Walt, C. (2013). Multilingual higher education: Beyond english medium orientations. Multilingual Matters.

Van Parijs, P. (2015). Linguistic justice for Europe and for the world. Oxford University Press.

Wee, L. (2011). Language without rights. Oxford University Press.

Weiser, I. (1996). United Nations norms relating to language. In S. Léger (Ed.), Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations Unies / Towards a language agenda: Futurist outlook on the United Nations (pp.241-59). Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa.

Williams, G., & Williams, G. (2016). Language, hegemony and the European Union: Re-examining unity in diversity. Palgrave.

Wright, S. (2009). The elephant in the room: Language issues in the European Union. European Journal of Language Policy, 1(2), 93–120.

Wyzner, E. (1992). Languages in international organizations: The case of the United Nations. In K. E.  Müller (Ed.), Language as barrier and bridge (pp.1–10).University Press of America.